Rise / Raise / Arise (Confusing Verbs) – English Grammar Exercises for B2
Macroeconomic Financial Report – An economic news bulletin detailing the Central Bank’s latest administrative decisions to curb inflation and stabilize the market.
Choose the most appropriate word to complete each sentence. Pay attention to the grammatical context (transitive vs. intransitive verbs) and the specific meaning of the word in a macroeconomic context.
1 Breaking News: The Central Bank has officially decided to ______ interest rates by 05% to combat the escalating inflation.
(a) rise
(b) raise
(c) arise
(d) raising
2 According to the latest macroeconomic report, the national inflation rate has ______ to its highest level in over a decade.
(a) raised
(b) arisen
(c) rose
(d) risen
3 Should any systemic risks ______ from this sudden policy shift, the government is prepared to inject liquidity into the market.
(a) raise
(b) rise
(c) arise
(d) to arise
4 When the Federal Reserve ______ the base rate, borrowing money automatically becomes more expensive for both businesses and consumers.
(a) raises
(b) rises
(c) arises
(d) is raise
5 Despite the aggressive monetary policies implemented last quarter, the cost of living continues to ______ steadily across the country.
(a) raise
(b) arise
(c) rise
(d) raising
6 A severe banking crisis could easily ______ if the commercial banks fail to meet the new reserve requirements.
(a) arise
(b) raise
(c) rise
(d) arising
7 Historically, whenever the Central Bank has ______ the interest rates so abruptly, the stock market has experienced a sharp decline.
(a) risen
(b) arisen
(c) raised
(d) rose
8 The national unemployment rate ______ unexpectedly last month due to a wave of major factory closures in the industrial sector.
(a) raised
(b) arose
(c) rose
(d) rised
9 Unforeseen legal complications have ______ from the sudden devaluation of the national currency.
(a) raised
(b) arisen
(c) risen
(d) arose
10 The Minister of Finance intends to ______ the critical issue of ballooning national debt during the upcoming G20 summit.
(a) rise
(b) arise
(c) raise
(d) to raise
11 As the national debt ______, foreign investors are becoming increasingly anxious about the country’s economic stability.
(a) raises
(b) rises
(c) arises
(d) are rise
12 Prominent economists warn that entirely new challenges will ______ from the ongoing global trade war.
(a) raise
(b) arise
(c) rise
(d) to arise
13 After a marathon meeting, the monetary policy committee explicitly voted to ______ the target yield for government bonds.
(a) rise
(b) raise
(c) arise
(d) raising
14 Global crude oil prices have ______ sharply over the weekend, forcing the government to reconsider its energy subsidies.
(a) raised
(b) rose
(c) risen
(d) arisen
15 A fierce debate ______ among the key policymakers regarding the optimal size of the next economic stimulus package.
(a) raised
(b) rose
(c) arose
(d) was arisen
16 Unless the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ______ by at least 3% next year, the government will struggle to pay off its foreign loans.
(a) raises
(b) arises
(c) rises
(d) is rise
17 No financial analyst predicted that such massive public outrage would ______ from a seemingly minor tax adjustment.
(a) raise
(b) rise
(c) arise
(d) arising
18 The sheer volume of recent corporate bankruptcies has ______ deep fears of a prolonged economic recession.
(a) raised
(b) risen
(c) arisen
(d) rose
19 To stabilize the housing market, authorities are planning to ______ the minimum down payment required for mortgages.
(a) rise
(b) raise
(c) arise
(d) raising
20 We must carefully monitor the situation; if a sudden hyperinflation scenario ______, the value of our currency will collapse overnight.
(a) raises
(b) arises
(c) rises
(d) are arise
ANSWER KEY & EXPLANATIONS
1 (b) raise
- Why it is correct: The Central Bank (active agent) decides to intentionally increase the interest rates (direct object). This is an action affecting an object, which strictly requires the transitive verb “raise”.
- Distractor Analysis: (a) “rise” is a common mistake (confusing it with the intransitive verb that takes no object). (c) “arise” is a meaning trap (interest rates don’t “occur”). (d) “raising” is a structural error (requires a base verb after ‘decided to’).
2 (d) risen
- Why it is correct: The inflation rate automatically increases based on market indicators. This is an upward movement of a number, requiring the intransitive verb “rise”. After “has”, we need the past participle (V3) “risen”.
- Distractor Analysis: (a) “raised” is a common mistake. (b) “arisen” is a meaning trap. (c) “rose” is a structural error (V2 instead of V3).
3 (c) arise
- Why it is correct: Systemic risks are abstract problems that happen or come into existence. We use “arise” in the formal inverted conditional: Should + Subject + arise.
- Distractor Analysis: (a) “raise” is a common mistake. (b) “rise” is a meaning trap. (d) “to arise” is a structural error.
4 (a) raises
- Why it is correct: The Federal Reserve (subject) actively increases the base rate (direct object). Use the transitive verb “raises”.
- Distractor Analysis: (b) “rises” is a highly common mistake in economic writing—governments or banks do not “rise” rates, they raise them. (c) “arises” is a meaning trap. (d) “is raise” is a structural error.
5 (c) rise
- Why it is correct: The cost of living is a numerical indicator that increases on its own. We use the intransitive verb “rise” (base form after “continues to”).
- Distractor Analysis: (a) “raise” is a common mistake. (b) “arise” is a meaning trap. (d) “raising” is a structural error.
6 (a) arise
- Why it is correct: A banking crisis is a negative macroeconomic event that happens or breaks out.
- Distractor Analysis: (b) “raise” is a common mistake. (c) “rise” is a meaning trap. (d) “arising” is a structural error.
7 (c) raised
- Why it is correct: The Central Bank actively increased the interest rates (direct object). We use the V3 form of the transitive verb “raise” (“raised”) after the auxiliary “has”.
- Distractor Analysis: (a) “risen” is a common mistake. (b) “arisen” is a meaning trap. (d) “rose” is a structural error.
8 (c) rose
- Why it is correct: The unemployment rate is a numerical figure that increases on its own. Use the past tense of the intransitive verb “rise” (rose).
- Distractor Analysis: (a) “raised” is a common mistake. (b) “arose” is a meaning trap. (d) “rised” is a structural error.
9 (b) arisen
- Why it is correct: Legal complications are abstract problems that have happened/occurred. Use the V3 form of “arise” (“arisen”).
- Distractor Analysis: (a) “raised” is a common mistake. (c) “risen” is a meaning trap. (d) “arose” is a structural error.
10 (c) raise
- Why it is correct: “Raise an issue” is a standard transitive collocation. The Minister actively brings the issue to the table (“the critical issue” is the direct object).
- Distractor Analysis: (a) “rise” is a common mistake. (b) “arise” is a meaning trap. (d) “to raise” is a structural error (the infinitive marker ‘to’ is already included before the blank).
11 (b) rises
- Why it is correct: The national debt is a financial volume that increases or inflates on its own. Use the intransitive “rises”.
- Distractor Analysis: (a) “raises” is a common mistake. (c) “arises” is a meaning trap. (d) “are rise” is a structural error.
12 (b) arise
- Why it is correct: New challenges are abstract problems that will happen or result from the trade war.
- Distractor Analysis: (a) “raise” is a common mistake. (c) “rise” is a meaning trap. (d) “to arise” is a structural error.
13 (b) raise
- Why it is correct: To increase the target yield (“the target yield” is the direct object) is an intentional action by the committee. We need the transitive verb “raise”.
- Distractor Analysis: (a) “rise” is a common mistake. (c) “arise” is a meaning trap. (d) “raising” is a structural error.
14 (c) risen
- Why it is correct: Crude oil prices naturally increase in the market. Use the V3 “risen” after “have”.
- Distractor Analysis: (a) “raised” is a common mistake. (b) “rose” is a structural error. (d) “arisen” is a meaning trap.
15 (c) arose
- Why it is correct: A fierce debate is an abstract event that broke out or happened. We use the past tense “arose”.
- Distractor Analysis: (a) “raised” is a common mistake. (b) “rose” is a meaning trap. (d) “was arisen” is a structural error (intransitive verbs cannot be passive).
16 (c) rises
- Why it is correct: GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is an economic indicator that increases numerically on its own. We use “rises”.
- Distractor Analysis: (a) “raises” is a common mistake. (b) “arises” is a meaning trap. (d) “is rise” is a structural error.
17 (c) arise
- Why it is correct: Public outrage is an abstract response that happens or comes into existence from a tax adjustment.
- Distractor Analysis: (a) “raise” is a common mistake. (b) “rise” is a meaning trap. (d) “arising” is a structural error.
18 (a) raised
- Why it is correct: The volume of bankruptcies (subject) actively provoked or caused deep fears (“fears” is the direct object). Because it acts upon an object, we use “raised”.
- Distractor Analysis: (b) “risen” is a common mistake. (c) “arisen” is a meaning trap. (d) “rose” is a structural error.
19 (b) raise
- Why it is correct: The authorities plan to intentionally increase the minimum down payment (“the minimum down payment” is the object). Use the transitive verb “raise”.
- Distractor Analysis: (a) “rise” is a common mistake. (c) “arise” is a meaning trap. (d) “raising” is a structural error.
20 (b) arises
- Why it is correct: A hyperinflation scenario is a macroeconomic situation that happens or occurs.
- Distractor Analysis: (a) “raises” is a common mistake. (c) “rises” is a meaning trap. (d) “are arise” is a structural error.
GRAMMAR POINTS TO REMEMBER
When reading or writing macroeconomic reports (e.g., from Central Banks or Governments), confusing these three verbs can completely change the meaning of the economic situation:
1 RAISE (TRANSITIVE): GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION
- Rule: Subject (Government/Bank) + RAISE + Object (Interest rates/Taxes).
- Crucial Note: Never write “The bank rises interest rates.” This is a severe error in economic English. A bank actively “lifts” the rate, so it must be “The bank raises interest rates.”
- Collocations: Raise interest rates, Raise taxes, Raise the budget.
2 RISE (INTRANSITIVE): MARKET FLUCTUATIONS
- Rule: Subject (Economic Indicators) + RISE.
- Meaning: Indicates that market numbers are moving up on their own without a direct agent lifting them in the sentence structure.
- Collocations: Inflation rises, GDP rises, Prices rise, Unemployment rises.
3 ARISE (INTRANSITIVE): CONSEQUENCES AND RISKS
- Rule: Subject (Problems/Risks) + ARISE (often followed by “from”).
- Meaning: Refers to crises, risks, or complications that break out, occur, or happen naturally due to economic decisions or market shocks.
- Collocations: Crises arise, Risks arise, Challenges arise, Complications arise from.