1. Join the sentences with a suitable relative clause. Omit the pronoun where possible.
1 The London Marathon is held in spring. It’s a fundraising event.
…………………………………………….
2 That’s the woman. She gave me lift home.
…………………………………………….
3 They’ve set up a crowdfunding site. It has raised over £2,000 so far.
…………………………………………….
4 Angelina Jolie’s most famous role is Lara Croft. She is also a film director.
…………………………………………….
5 We bought some bracelets. The local women had made them.
…………………………………………….
Answer
1 The London Marathon, which is a fundraising event, is held in spring.
2 That’s the woman who gave me a lift home.
3 The crowdfunding site they’ve set up has raised over £2,000 so far. /
They’ve set up a crowdfunding site that has raised over £2,000 so far.
4 Angelina Jolie, whose most famous role is Lara Croft, is also a film director.
5 We bought some bracelets the local women had made.
2. Rewrite the sentences beginning with the words in bold. Use relative clauses and an informal style, where possible.
1 The thieves broke into the house. It’s owned by a wealthy banker.
………………………………………
2 The people let me down. I’d been doing the project with them.
………………………………………
3 The books hadn’t been written in. We gave them to the teacher.
………………………………………
4 The flat is shared by four students. They’re all studying music.
………………………………………
5 I’ve been looking forward to the party all week. It’s at Beth’s house.
………………………………………
6 My aunt gave me two books for my birthday. I’d read both of them before.
………………………………………
Answer
1 The house the thieves broke into is owned by a wealthy banker.
2 The people I’d been doing the project with let me down.
3 We gave the books, which hadn’t been written in, to the teacher.
4 The flat is shared by four students, all of whom are / who are all studying music.
5 The party, which I’ve been looking forward to all week, is at Beth’s house.
6 My aunt gave me two books for my birthday, both of which I’d read before.
3. Complete sentences 1-6 with the clause below. Use relative pronouns and make any other changes. Add commas where necessary.
he had been hired at the last moment
it is based on a true story
it is playing in the background
it was given last night
it was light at first
they were waiting at the stage door
1 The profits from the concert ………………………… are all going to charity.
2 The comedian ………………………… turned out to be hilarious.
3 The song ………………………… is by one of my favourite bands.
4 His new film ………………………… will be released in the autumn.
5 The fans ………………………… were unaware that the musicians had already left.
6 The rain ………………………… soon became a deluge, and the audience had to run for cover.
Answer
1 that / which was given last night
2 ,who had been hired at the last moment,
3 that / which is playing in the background
4 ,which is based on a true story,
5 who were waiting at the stage door
6 ,which was light at first,
4. Rewrite the sentences in exercise 3 using reduced relative clauses.
1 …………………………………………….
2 …………………………………………….
3 …………………………………………….
4 …………………………………………….
5 …………………………………………….
6 …………………………………………….
Answer
1 The profits from the concert given last night are all …
2 The comedian, hired at the last moment, turned out …
3 The song playing in the background is by …
4 His new film, based on a true story, will be …
5 The fans waiting at the stage door were …
6 The rain, light at first, soon …
5. Complete the text. Write one word in each space.
On 15 March 2017, Vine and Snapchat star Jérôme Jarre got a call from a volunteer in Somalia, (1) ………………… had seen a little girl die of thirst. This is not uncommon in the East African country as it is prone to famine, the worst (2) ………………… which occurred in 2011, when 260,000 people died. Jarre’s response was to record a message on Twitter (3) ………………… which he outlined his ‘crazy plan’ to fill a plane with food and send it to Somalia. Discovering that Turkish Airlines is the only airline (4) ………………… flies there, Jarre asked his followers to lobby the airline under #TurkishAirlinesHelpSomalia. His message reached actor Ben Stiller and sportsman Colin Kaepernick, to (5) ………………… Jarre’s idea did not seem so absurd. Together, they started the crowdfunding page Love Army for Somalia. Meanwhile, vlogger Casey Neistat, (6) ………………… YouTube channel is subscribed to by millions, created a video about the campaign, (7) ………………… was published on 17 March. Later the same day, Turkish Airlines agreed to provide a plane, setting 27 March as the day (8) ………………… which the flight would be made. By that date, Love Army For Somalia had raised over $2.5 million. The food delivery was made just two weeks after Jarre’s initial plea.
Answer
1 who 2 of 3 in
4 that / which 5 whom
6 whose 7 which 8 on
6. Write the two sentences as one with a relative clause.
1 The film is about an old man. His life changes when he meets a refugee.
…………………………………………
2 Did you book that holiday? You were telling me about it last week.
…………………………………………
3 We’d been trekking non-stop for eight hours. At the point, we were exhausted.
…………………………………………
4 At the end of the film, we see a coffee tin. There are Edward’s ashes inside it.
…………………………………………
5 People tend to worry about a lot of things. Most of them aren’t very important in the end.
…………………………………………
6 There may be a train strike. In that case, Dad will drive us.
…………………………………………
7 ‘Hello’ won a Grammy award in 2017. It’s still one of my favourite songs.
…………………………………………
Answer
1 The film is about an old man whose life changes when he meets a refugee.
2 Did you book that holiday which you were telling me about last week?
3 We’d been trekking non-stop for eight hours, by which point we were exhausted.
4 At the end of the film, we see a coffee tin which / that has Edward’s ashes inside.
5 People tend to worry about a lot of things, most of which aren’t very important in the end.
6 There may be a train strike, in which case Dad will drive us.
7 ‘Hello’, which won a Grammy award in 2017, is still one of my favourite songs. / ‘Hello’, which is still one of my favourite songs, won a Grammy award in 2017.
7. Write sentences using reduced relative clauses.
1 the play / be / show / today / is a romantic comedy
…………………………………………
2 this / be / a memorial to soldiers / kill / in the war
…………………………………………
3 the film / tell / the story of a man / kidnap / by gangster
…………………………………………
4 it / be / always great / see / someone / fulfil / their dream
…………………………………………
5 the film / direct / by Ang Lee / star / Suraj Sharma
…………………………………………
6 my mum / love / old photos / take / in black and white
…………………………………………
Answer
1 The play being shown today is a romantic comedy.
2 This is a memorial to soldiers killed in the war.
3 The film tells the story of a man kidnapped by gangsters.
4 It is always great to see someone fulfil their dream.
5 The film, directed by Ang Lee, stars Suraj Sharma.
6 My mum loves old photos taken in black and white.
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